This book presents the neuroimaging features of the most common conditions related or triggered by therapies for several medical conditions. In the majority of cases, these therapies are mandatory and unavoidable, but it is important to be aware of the potential complications and to identify, diagnose, report and follow-up the main neuroradiological hallmarks of these conditions. Some of these may be underreported, as for example the long-term consequences of radiation therapy, and some are less known, as SMART syndrome. Many conditions may have a broad differential diagnosis and it is not trivial to distinguish a treatment-related component from a spontaneous disease in some cases (PRES or RCVS, ARIA, etc.). Regarding PRES and RCVS, being numerous the treatments potentially associated, a description based on neuroimaigng and to detail the associated drugs is offered within the chapter. Immunotherapy is a new and modern treatment where cerebral complications are present and the increased incidence depends on the increased use of these strategies for many diseases, ranging from neurological and systemic immuno-mediated diseases to Alzheimer's disease to solid and hematologic tumors. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of its contents, the book is addressed to neuroradiologists, radiologists, radiotherapists, neurologists, rheumatologists, oncologists, and hematologists.